THE HISTORY OF PENITENTIARY LAW DEVELOPMENT IN RUSSIA

Abstract

Penitentiary law, as a branch of law that regulates the procedure and conditions for the execution of criminal penalties, has a long and complex history in Russia. Over the centuries, the system of punishment has undergone significant changes, reflecting the social, political, and economic transformations in the country. This article traces the main stages of the development of Russian penitentiary law, from pre-state forms of punishment to modern trends, analyzing key legislative acts, doctrinal approaches, and practical features of each period.