ПАТОФИЗИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ФЕНИЛКЕТОНУРИИ

Abstract

This article examines the etiopathogenesis of demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Demyelinating diseases are characterized by damage to the myelin sheath covering axons of the central nervous system or oligodendrocytes. Similar changes are observed across this broad spectrum of diseases. Microglia and astrocytes are key phagocytic cells in the CNS that ingest myelin to maintain the internal microenvironment of the CNS. They also enhance remyelination processes, which facilitates tissue repair. However, excessive ingestion of the myelin sheath or insufficient removal of myelin breakdown products causes neuroinflammation and impedes remyelination, leading to deterioration.